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SCIENTIFIC NAMES
They are the specific and distinguishable names given to organisms by the scientists for the removal of ambiguity and to make the name worldwide acceptable by other scientists.

Scientific names are based on
        i.            According to principal and criteria of science
      ii.            Acceptable worldwide
    iii.            Help scientists to use same name in any part of the world
     iv.            Should be distinct and different for each species
       v.            New and not used for earlier organisms

BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE
It is system of providing distinct and proper two words scientific names to organisms, the first word is generic and second word is specific.

Their discoverer and first user was cato (200 B.C.), but on that time not based on the scientific principles.
Binomial nomenclature for scientific naming of organism was developed by carolus Linnaeus in 1751. He published two books on this systema naturae about animals  in 1758 and species plantarum about the plants in 1753.

In this system the name consist of two words in latin e.g. Mangifera indica (mango), Homo sapiens (humans).

The first word is generic name or genus name to which the species belongs. It is like noun. The first letter is always written capital.
The second word is the specific name which identifies the species itself. It is like adjective. Its first letter is small except if the name belong sacred and very important place of personality.
The specific name alone is never used to describe organism and it is never used before genus name. This two word naming system is similar to the naming system of humans.
TRINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
In certain cases the name of sub-species, race and variety is also written after the two words name. such an organisms have to come three words name. E.g. corvus splendens insolens (Burmese crow), Homo sapiens sapiens.

CODE OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Codes are set of rules and principles.
In the beginning the rules and principle was formed by the Linnaeus. It was mention in species plantarum (1753) and systema naturae.

In 19th century these rule need some modification and revision. It occurs by the
International code of zoological nomenclature (ICZN)-for animals
International code of Botanical nomenclature (ICBN)-for plants
International code of Bacteriological nomenclature (ICBacN)-for bacteria
International code of Viral nomenclature (ICVN)- for virus
International code of nomenclature of cultivated plants (ICNCP)- for crop plants
IMPORTANT RULES OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
1.      Each organism has distinct scientific name having two words, generic and specific.
2.      The generic and specific words should not have less than 3 letters and not more than 12 letters.
3.      The generic name is written first. Its 1st letter is always capital.
4.      The same generic name cannot be used twice in the same kingdom. Use in the other kingdom is also avoided.
5.      The specific word is written after generic name. It should be short and simple but can b compound.
6.      The specific word starts with a small letter but it can be written in capital letter if name is derived from very important or sacred place or personality.
7.      The names are derived from latin language. When name is taken from other language it is latinised with suitable rhyme ending.
8.      Very rarely the generic and common names are same.
9.      The name of the discoverer is added to the scientific name either full or abbreviated.
10.  Both the words of scientific name are printed in italics to indicate their latin origin.
11.  They are underlined differently in hand written.
12.  The scientific names retain their original spelling.
13.  Scientific names before 1.5.1753 for plants and 1.8.1758 for animals are not valid.
14.  When the name of species is revised or changed the name of the original discoverer is retained in brackets along with new discoverer.
15.  When a number of scientist give scientific name to the organism the one who gave the first is adopted. This is called law of priority.
16.  A new valid name is one which is
·         Given according to binomial nomenclature
·         Type specimen is placed in the recognized herbarium or museum
·         The specimen is described in latin
·         All the detail of discovery is published in international journal
·         The previous work related to discovery is also published along with.

ADVANTAGE OF BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

1.      The names are universally recognized. They remain same in any language.
2.      An organism gas been given single, distinct and specific name of two words.
3.      The entire organisms known to science have been given scientific name.
4.      The names are not tough. They are simple and comprehensive.
5.      The newly discovered organism is provided with scientific name.
6.      The scientific names are often based on some character.
7.      They show relationship with other species placed in same genus.
8.      There is no chance of change of spelling due their derivation from latin language (dead language).
9.      An inappropriate or incorrect name can be easily corrected.

download it as pdf follow the link
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1YuyQsht0FtCdhCIUdRbKRGJCG-d8EuDS

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